Improving Transparency and Compliance in Agricultural Supply Chains Through IT and Traceability Systems Using Blockchain and ERP Integration

Munmun Rahman; Syed Kamrul Hasan

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.54505

Improving Transparency and Compliance in Agricultural Supply Chains Through IT and Traceability Systems Using Blockchain and ERP Integration

Author(s)	Munmun Rahman, Syed Kamrul Hasan
Country	United States
Abstract	This research investigates the strategic integration of Blockchain technology and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to improve transparency, traceability, and regulatory compliance in agricultural supply chains, with a focus on fruit waste control. In an era of escalating consumer demand for food safety, increased regulatory pressure, and global ecological concerns, agricultural supply chains must develop to become more intelligent, accountable, and data-driven. Traditional traceability techniques in agriculture, on the other hand, remain siloed, inefficient, and susceptible to data manipulation, posing issues in waste tracking, quality assurance, and compliance monitoring, especially for perishable goods such as fruits. To solve these restrictions, the researchers create a blockchain-enabled ERP prototype that enables real-time, immutable tracking of fruit items and associated waste from farm to end product. Using blockchain's decentralized design, each activity—harvesting, processing, packaging, transportation, storage, and disposal—is documented with tamper-proof timestamps and digital signatures. This not only increases the dependability of information shared among stakeholders—including farmers, cooperatives, distributors, regulatory authorities, and consumers—but also allows for trustless collaboration across a previously fragmented value chain. The ERP component of the prototype is intended to handle essential business functions such as inventory management, supplier and distributor collaboration, financial transactions, batch records, and production workflows. Special modules are set up to maintain HACCP (Hazard Analysis and key Control Points) compliance, which includes continuous monitoring of key control points and automatic documentation for audits and recalls. The system also allows for the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to collect real-time environmental data (such as temperature and humidity) during transportation and storage, thereby increasing data richness and operational visibility. To demonstrate practical applicability, the study includes real-world case studies from fruit-producing agribusinesses and export-oriented agricultural cooperatives. These case studies examine existing pain points in waste monitoring, compliance reporting, and logistics coordination and compare them to results obtained through simulated or partial deployment of the proposed solution. The thesis also includes a systems integration analysis, which assesses major issues such as data interoperability, legacy system migration, initial setup costs, training requirements, and stakeholder adoption hurdles in both developing and established agricultural environments. Furthermore, the prototype includes data visualization and business intelligence (BI) dashboards created with platforms such as Power BI and Tableau. These dashboards display key performance indicators (KPIs) like waste reduction percentages, compliance scores, batch traceability timings, and supplier performance ratings, providing supply chain managers and policymakers with actionable insights for operational optimization and regulatory reporting. The findings highlight the potential of blockchain-ERP integration in transforming traditional agricultural methods into transparent, resilient, and sustainable digital ecosystems. Such integration not only helps to reduce post-harvest losses and improve regulatory compliance, but it also empowers smallholder farmers by providing reliable market data and strengthening their negotiating power in the supply chain. Finally, this thesis presents a thorough technical architecture and operational roadmap for adopting integrated traceability solutions in agriculture. It also paves the way for future improvements in AI-driven predictive analytics, machine learning-based waste classification, automated smart contracts for compliance enforcement, and the creation of open worldwide blockchain standards for agri-food supply chains. By linking technology innovation to agricultural sustainability, the study provides a plan for digitally altering food systems in accordance with global food safety and environmental objectives.
Keywords	Blockchain, ERP Integration, Agricultural Traceability, Fruit Waste Management, HACCP Compliance, Business Intelligence, Power BI, Tableau.
Field	Computer > Data / Information
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On	2025-08-27
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.54505
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9z3bm

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Improving Transparency and Compliance in Agricultural Supply Chains Through IT and Traceability Systems Using Blockchain and ERP Integration

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