International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 3 (May-June 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of June to publish your research paper in the issue of May-June.
Submit Research Paper Join as a Reviewer

Plagiarism is checked by the leading plagiarism checker TurnItIn

Call for Paper

Volume 8 Issue 3
May-June 2026

Submit your research paper

Indexing Partners
Academia Advanced Sciences Index Bielefeld Academic Search Engine CiteSeer DRJI Google Scholar Independent Search Engine & Directory Network ISI (International Scientific Indexing) Issuu Mendeley Research Networks
RefSeek ResearcherId - Thomson Reuters ResearchGate Scirus Scribd Semantic Scholar UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Wiki for Call for Papers WorldCat Zenodo

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)

Author(s) Ms. Srushti Sujan Surve
Country India
Abstract Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) is a rare but critical congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by severe underdevelopment of the left ventricle, mitral valve, aortic valve, and ascending aorta, rendering the left heart incapable of supporting systemic circulation. It accounts for 2–3% of congenital heart diseases yet remains one of the most lethal if untreated. Advances in prenatal echocardiography have enabled early diagnosis, while postnatal confirmation is achieved through echocardiography, chest X-ray, ECG, and pulse oximetry. Clinical manifestations typically appear within the first 24–48 hours of life, including cyanosis, respiratory distress, poor perfusion, and shock. The mainstay of management involves staged surgical palliation—Norwood procedure, Bidirectional Glenn, and Fontan completion—or a hybrid approach, with heart transplantation as an alternative. Perfusion strategies during these procedures are focused on maintaining systemic oxygen delivery, preventing pulmonary overcirculation, and ensuring cerebral and myocardial protection. With specialized multidisciplinary care, 10–15 year survival rates now reach 60–70%, although long-term complications such as arrhythmias, right ventricular dysfunction, and protein-losing enteropathy necessitate lifelong follow-up. HLHS continues to be one of the most challenging congenital heart diseases, requiring innovation in surgical, perfusion, and postoperative management to improve outcomes.
Keywords Congenital Heart Disease Staged Surgical Palliation Norwood Procedure Glenn Shunt Fontan Completion Hybrid Procedure Perfusion Management Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Prognosis and Outcomes
Field Biology > Medical / Physiology
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-08-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.55001
View / Download PDF File

Share this



E-ISSN 2582-2160
CrossRef

CrossRef DOI is assigned to each research paper published in our journal.

IJFMR DOI prefix is
10.36948/ijfmr

Downloads
Research Paper Format Copyright Permission Form and Undertaking Form Cover Page Vol 8 Isu 2Cover Page Vol 8 Isu 1Cover Page Vol 7 Isu 6

All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

CC-BY-SA Open Access

About IJFMR
Fees & Payment
Current Issue
Publication Archive 		Submit Research Paper
Track Submission Status
Publication Guidelines
Publication Ethics
Peer Review & Plagiarism 		Join as a Reviewer
Editors & Reviewers
Reviewer Referral Program
Get Reviewer Membership Certi. 		Website/Journal Policies
Usage Policy
Content Policies
Privacy Policy
Contact Us +91-9687-828-838 editor@ijfmr.com
Powered by Sky Research Publication and Journals