International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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A Conceptual Approach in the Context of Restoration and Ecological Conservation in Historic Areas: Soft Capping

Author(s) Neslihan Demircan
Country Turkey
Abstract Soft capping is a nature-based conservation technique that involves covering the upper surfaces of ruined historic walls with turf, sedum, or herbaceous plants. Unlike hard capping methods, this approach overlays wall tops with a permeable and flexible layer, enabling the controlled discharge of rainwater and mitigating thermal fluctuations. In doing so, it significantly slows down deterioration processes such as freeze–thaw cycles, cracking, and salt crystallization. Recent field applications carried out by Historic England and English Heritage (e.g., Hailes Abbey, Reading Abbey, Bishop’s Palace, Thirlwall Castle) have demonstrated that soft capping offers substantial benefits both technically and ecologically. The method not only enhances structural resilience but also fosters biodiversity by creating microhabitats and achieves visual integration with the surrounding landscape. However, the success of soft capping is highly dependent on factors such as local climatic conditions, plant selection, maintenance strategies, and the bioreceptivity of the masonry. Inappropriate plant choices or inadequate maintenance may reduce the effectiveness of the method. This study examines the concept of soft capping comprehensively—its definition, typologies, design parameters, ecological benefits, advantages, and limitations—in light of recent research in the literature. The findings highlight that soft capping holds significant potential as both a sustainable restoration tool and an ecological conservation strategy in historic urban areas.
Keywords Soft capping; historic walls; ecological conservation; nature-based solutions; sustainable restoration
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-09-05
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55002
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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