Hypertension Vs. Obesity: A Narrative Review of Their Interplay and Impact

Abinaya Sankar; Kalpana S; Jasmine S Sundar; Valarmathi Srinivasan; Srinivas Govindharajalu

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55168

Hypertension Vs. Obesity: A Narrative Review of Their Interplay and Impact

Author(s)	Ms. Abinaya Sankar, Dr. Kalpana S, Dr. Jasmine S Sundar, Dr. Valarmathi Srinivasan, Prof. Dr. Srinivas Govindharajalu
Country	India
Abstract	Abstract Background Obesity and hypertension are two interconnected non-communicable diseases that significantly contribute to global morbidity and mortality. With obesity acting as a major risk factor for the development and progression of hypertension, understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for effective management. Objectives To explore the complex relationship between obesity and hypertension, highlight common pathophysiological processes, examine epidemiological patterns, and evaluate treatment approaches for obesity-related hypertension. Methods A narrative review approach was employed to synthesize current evidence from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic research. Major databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant literature focusing on the association between obesity and hypertension, mechanisms involved, and management options. Results The review's findings showed that obesity affects neuroendocrine, renal, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways, all of which lead to hypertension. Insulin resistance, sodium retention, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation are important mechanisms. The prevalence of both conditions has been steadily increasing worldwide, according to epidemiological data, with up to 70% of primary hypertension cases being attributable to obesity. The mainstays of management strategies include medication (particularly RAAS blockers), lifestyle changes, and, in extreme cases, bariatric surgery, which has demonstrated encouraging long-term benefits in blood pressure control. Conclusion Obesity is a major modifiable contributor to hypertension, and integrated management approaches that combine prevention, early intervention, and tailored treatment are essential. Managing obesity through sustained weight loss can significantly improve blood pressure outcomes and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Keywords	Keywords: Hypertension, Obesity, Blood Pressure, RAAS, SNS, Metabolic Dysregulation, Lifestyle Modification, Bariatric Surgery, Weight Management, Cardiovascular Risk.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-09-05
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55168

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Hypertension Vs. Obesity: A Narrative Review of Their Interplay and Impact

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