Hybrid Energy Systems with Thorium and Biofuels: A Future Energy Solution

ABHIGYAN DASH

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55428

Hybrid Energy Systems with Thorium and Biofuels: A Future Energy Solution

Author(s)	Mr. ABHIGYAN DASH
Country	India
Abstract	The world’s energy systems are undergoing a critical transformation. While fossil fuels still dominate global supply, their finite nature and environmental impact drive an urgent search for cleaner alternatives. Solar and wind power are growing rapidly but face challenges related to intermittency and high storage costs. Biofuels such as cattle dungbased biogas offer localized, sustainable energy but are insufficient for large-scale industrial use. Conventional nuclear power provides steady output but depends on limited uranium reserves and produces long-lived radioactive waste. Thorium offers a promising alternative—it is significantly more abundant than uranium and can be transformed into fissile material to generate substantial energy. India, in particular, holds vast thorium reserves, creating a unique opportunity for long-term energy independence. This paper proposes a novel hybrid energy model that combines centralized thorium nuclear reactors with decentralized biogas microgrids, supplemented by solar, wind, hydro, and piezoelectric sources. The integration of these diverse energy streams into a unified framework forms the core contribution of this work. Our findings indicate that one tonne of thorium can generate immense energy, while a cluster of 1000 cattle can produce enough biogas to power approximately 120 households daily. Simulations confirm that the hybrid system achieves a resilience index greater than 1.2 and reduces the Levelized Cost of Energy by nearly 20%. This approach ensures a sustainable, affordable, and inclusive energy future, particularly for nations with abundant thorium and biomass resources.
Keywords	Thorium Nuclear Energy , Hybrid Energy Systems , Biogas Microgrids , Renewable Energy Integration , Resilience Index (R) , Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) , Sustainable Power Systems , Rural Electrification , India Energy Independence , Energy Economics
Field	Physics > Energy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-09-11
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55428
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g93b3c

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Hybrid Energy Systems with Thorium and Biofuels: A Future Energy Solution

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