International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Impact of Screen Type on Digital Eye Strain and Musculoskeletal Symptoms: Handheld Versus Stationary Devices

Author(s) Dr. Forum Gaurang Mehta, Dr Nidhi Suthar
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Background:
The widespread use of digital devices, both handheld (smartphones, tablets, etc.) and stationary (desktop computers, laptop, etc.) has led to an increase in Digital Eye Strain (DES) and musculoskeletal symptoms. These conditions arise from prolonged screen exposure and poor ergonomics but may vary depending on the device type and usage patterns.
Aims and Objective:
This study aimed to compare the impact of handheld versus stationary digital devices on the prevalence and severity of digital eye strain and musculoskeletal symptoms among college students.
Method:
An observational study was conducted with 104 participants aged 18–25 years from colleges in Ahmedabad, divided into handheld (n=51) and stationary device users (n=53). Participants completed the Computer Vision Syndrome Smart (CVS-Smart) Questionnaire to assess DES and musculoskeletal symptoms. Statistical analyses, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate differences between groups.
Results:
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that the data for digital eye strain (DES) and musculoskeletal symptoms were not normally distributed (p < 0.05). Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant difference in DES scores between handheld and stationary device users (U = 1090.000, p = 0.087). Similarly, musculoskeletal symptom scores did not differ significantly between the groups (U = 1281.500, p = 0.617).
Conclusion:
Device type alone does not significantly influence the severity of digital eye strain or musculoskeletal symptoms. Instead, factors such as posture, duration of screen time, ergonomics, and break frequency may play more substantial roles. The findings emphasize the importance of ergonomic awareness and healthy screen habits across all device users. Future research should incorporate larger samples and objective ergonomic assessments to better understand these relationships.
Keywords Keywords: Digital Eye Strain, Screen Types, CVS-SMART Questionnaire
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-09-11
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.55516
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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