Retirement Preparation of Self-employed Workers in Ghana. Does Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion and Household Income Levels Matter?

Author(s)	Mr. Ernest Obeng, Prof. Yusheng Kong, Mr. Paul Asamoah Mensah, Mr. Ebenezer Anamang Obeng
Country	Ghana
Abstract	Retirement preparation determinants have been a topic of discussion among governments, policy makers and researchers for some years now. Financial Literacy has been established as an important determinant of retirement preparation, yet little is known about how financial literacy influences retirement preparation among self-employed workers. Our study fills the gap by assessing the relationship between financial literacy, financial inclusion, and retirement preparation of self-employed workers in Ghana with household income levels serving as a mediating variable.
Keywords	Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, Retirement Preparation, Income Level, Self-employed workers.
Field	Sociology > Economics
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-08
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.57238

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