International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Constitutional Morality and Transformative Constitutionalism in India: A Critical Appraisal of Judicial Activism and Democratic Accountability

Author(s) Dr. Anil Singh
Country India
Abstract The emergence of constitutional morality and transformative constitutionalism in Indian jurisprudence has redefined the role of the judiciary beyond traditional interpretation, enabling it to act as an agent of social reform. Drawing inspiration from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s vision and South African constitutional thought, these concepts have increasingly shaped the Indian Supreme Court's reasoning in cases involving equality, liberty, privacy, LGBTQ+ rights, and secularism. However, this judicial empowerment has also drawn criticism for bypassing democratic procedures and parliamentary supremacy, leading to concerns about judicial overreach.
This research critically examines the trajectory of transformative constitutionalism and constitutional morality in Indian law, particularly in landmark decisions such as Navtej Singh Johar, Joseph Shine, Indian Young Lawyers Association, and Puttaswamy. It evaluates whether this trend strengthens the constitutional promise of justice and inclusivity or undermines the balance of powers through unchecked judicial activism.
The paper further explores the normative foundations of these doctrines, their comparative evolution, and the implications for democratic accountability. Through doctrinal analysis and comparative constitutionalism, the research argues for a framework where the transformative potential of the Constitution is realized without compromising institutional legitimacy or constitutional boundaries. This balance is essential to prevent the rhetoric of morality from becoming a judicial monopoly rather than a democratic mandate
Keywords Constitutional morality, Transformative constitutionalism, Judicial activism, Democratic accountability, Supreme Court of India, Separation of powers, Comparative constitutional law
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.57371

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