Analysis of Comparative Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Calotropis gigantean

Prabhat Kumar; Rajesh Singh; Santosh Kumar Agnihotri

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58035

Analysis of Comparative Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Calotropis gigantean

Author(s)	Mr. Prabhat Kumar, Prof. Dr. Rajesh Singh, Prof. Dr. Santosh Kumar Agnihotri
Country	India
Abstract	The rising prevalence of oxidative stress-related disorders and multidrug-resistant pathogens has intensified global interest in medicinal plants as alternative and complementary therapeutic resources. Calotropis gigantea (Apocynaceae), a perennial shrub widely used in Ayurveda, has been traditionally recognized for its broad-spectrum ‘pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities’. However, systematic comparative studies on different plant parts and propagation sources remain limited. The current study determines the anti-oxidative and antibacterial activity of C. gigantea ethanol extracts. ‘The (DPPH) radical scavenging method was used to calculate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties tested on Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal pathogens via the agar well diffusion method and broth dilution. The results indicated that the leaf extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC 50 of 54.2 μG/mL after the root extract (61.8 μG/mL), but latex and flower extracts showed lower activity. The antimicrobial conditions showed a wide range of activities whereby the greatest zones of inhibition were observed against S. aureus (17.3 0.6 mm) and B. subtilis (16.8 0.5 mm). These findings were confounded by (MIC) values, which exhibited more sensitivity to Gram-positive organisms than Gram-negative bacteria’. Moderate susceptibility was also observed in the fungal pathogens, indicating antifungal phytoconstituents-terpenoids and flavonoids. Collectively, the results reveal that C. gigantea (and more specifically its leaves) is a potentially useful natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. The complementarity of the uses of plants emphasises the need to combine conservation and biotechnological strategies towards sustainable use of the species. These findings are scientifically relevant to the future use in bioassay-guided isolation of active compounds and their future pharmaceutical use.
Keywords	Calotropis gigantea, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, DPPH, MIC, micropropagation
Field	Biology > Bio + Chemistry
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-25
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58035

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Analysis of Comparative Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Calotropis gigantean

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