International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Comparative Study on Abortion Rights and Laws in the USA, UK, France, and India

Author(s) Spoorthi T.L, Dr. Kalicharan M.L
Country India
Abstract This article undertakes a doctrinal and policy‑oriented comparison of abortion law in the United States (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), France, and India. It maps the historical arcs, statutory frameworks, and constitutional doctrines that structure access, then evaluates three focal questions: whether abortion is recognised as a right or regulated as an exception; whether spouse consent is required; and what gestational limits and post‑limit exceptions operate in practice. Drawing on primary legal authorities—Roe v. Wade, Planned Parenthood v. Casey, and Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization in the USA; the Abortion Act 1967 and Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 in the UK; the Veil Law of 1975, the 2022 reform, and France’s 2024 constitutional entrenchment; and India’s Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 as amended in 2021 and interpreted in Suchitra Srivastava and X v. NCT of Delhi—the study situates doctrine alongside public‑health guidance from the World Health Organization. The comparison finds convergence on decisional autonomy: spousal consent is not required for competent adults in any jurisdiction. Yet the regimes diverge on structure and timelines: the UK allows abortion on statutory grounds to 24 weeks, France on request to 14 weeks, India employs a two‑tier scheme to 20 and 24 weeks with medical boards beyond, and the USA has no single national standard after Dobbs.
Keywords Abortion law; Gestational limits; Spouse consent; Dobbs; Abortion Act 1967; Veil Law; MTP Act; Comparative constitutional law
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-19
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58109
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