International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence : Rights, Liabilities And Jurisprudential Perspectives

Author(s) Tamanna, Dr. Shailja Thakur
Country India
Abstract This chapter interrogates the evolving legal personality and liability architecture surrounding Artificial Intelligence within India’s post-colonial legislative transformation, marked by the 2023 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). It situates AI personhood within the intersection of statutory reform, digital governance, and constitutional legality, analysing how these enactments—when read with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and the Information Technology Act, 2000—reconfigure the ontological status of algorithmic entities in law. The study explores how BNS redefines “offence” and “mens rea” in a machine-mediated context, how BNSS proceduralizes evidence and liability for non-human agents, and how BSA expands the evidentiary domain to encompass digital cognition. Moving beyond doctrinal exegesis, it advances a normative framework for reconciling AI autonomy with accountability through statutory interpretation and comparative analogies drawn from corporate and fiduciary personhood. The chapter ultimately argues that India’s new codification project implicitly gestures toward a hybrid model of derivative personhood, wherein AI functions as a juridical proxy—liable not by moral agency but through structured attribution, oversight, and data sovereignty within the emerging digital republic.
Keywords Keywords : Artificial Intelligence; Legal Personhood; Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023; Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023; Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023; Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023; Information Technology Act, 2000; Algorithmic Liability
Field Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58331
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