Removal of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients from Pharmaceutical Effluent using Biochar and Hydrogel as Adsorbent Bed

GOKULA KRISHNAN.N; ARCHANA .J; KEREN VINOLIYA.J

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.58433

Removal of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients from Pharmaceutical Effluent using Biochar and Hydrogel as Adsorbent Bed

Author(s)	Mr. GOKULA KRISHNAN.N, Ms. ARCHANA .J, Ms. KEREN VINOLIYA.J
Country	India
Abstract	The release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into water bodies through pharmaceutical effluents has caused serious environmental issues, especially for commonly used analgesics like acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid. Even at trace levels, these substances are known to have detrimental ecological consequences, persistence, and the capacity to bioaccumulate. The removal of acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid from pharmaceutical effluent is examined in this work utilizing a dual-component adsorbent bed made of charcoal and hydrogel. Biochar, a porous carbonaceous substance made from banana peduncle with a large surface area, was mixed with hydrogel, which is made from water hyacinth, to create a hybrid adsorbent bed. The effectiveness of this system was assessed using batch and column adsorption studies under various operating parameters, such as starting API concentration and contact time. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate the adsorption behavior and forecast system performance. The findings showed that, under ideal circumstances, the hydrogel-biochar composite bed had outstanding adsorption capabilities, obtaining removal efficiencies of over 60% for both acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid. When compared to individual adsorbents, the removal rate was greatly increased by the combined action of the diffusion-enhancing matrix of hydrogel and the high adsorption potential of biochar. Additionally, the adsorbent bed's regeneration and reuse capabilities were evaluated, showing strong stability and performance across a number of cycles. This work emphasizes how hydrogel-biochar composite beds may be used to remove pharmaceutical pollutants from industrial effluents in an economical, efficient, and ecologically responsible manner, supporting sustainable wastewater treatment methods.
Keywords	Active pharmaceutical ingredients, Acetaminophen, Acetylsalicylic acid, Hydrogel, Biochar, Hybrid Adsorbent bed, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-12
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.58433

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Removal of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients from Pharmaceutical Effluent using Biochar and Hydrogel as Adsorbent Bed

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