International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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The Role of Nitrogen-Fixing Plants in Sustainable Agriculture

Author(s) Dr. Ajay Kumar Verma
Country India
Abstract Nitrogen is a cornerstone of plant productivity and global food security, yet its management remains a critical challenge in sustainable agriculture. While synthetic nitrogen fertilizers have historically underpinned yield gains, their ecological and economic drawbacks—including inefficiency, environmental pollution, and resource dependency—have prompted renewed interest in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This review synthesizes current research on the ecological, agronomic, and socioeconomic contributions of nitrogen-fixing plants in advancing sustainable agricultural systems. Drawing upon a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA framework, the analysis includes 43 peer-reviewed articles and books spanning foundational microbiology, agronomic field trials, environmental science, and policy analysis. Major sections address the biology and mechanisms of nitrogen fixation, the multifaceted role of nitrogen-fixing plants in enhancing soil fertility and crop yield, their environmental benefits, and economic implications for farmers. Case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America demonstrate diverse applications in agroforestry, permaculture, and conservation agriculture, while comparative analyses reveal the superiority of BNF systems over sole reliance on synthetic inputs. The review also highlights ongoing challenges such as knowledge gaps, infrastructural constraints, and limited adoption in resource-poor regions, as well as underexplored research avenues including non-leguminous associations and advances in biotechnology. Policy recommendations emphasize targeted subsidies, extension services, and integration with digital agriculture. Ultimately, the findings position nitrogen-fixing plants as a pivotal tool for building resilient, resource-efficient, and environmentally sound agricultural landscapes, with profound implications for food security, climate mitigation, and rural livelihoods.
Keywords nitrogen fixation, sustainable agriculture, legumes, soil fertility, biological nitrogen fixation, agroecology.
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58730
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