Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Natural Resource Use

Parool Kumari

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58803

Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Natural Resource Use

Author(s)	Parool Kumari
Country	India
Abstract	Climate change is exerting severe pressure on biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources worldwide. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES, 2019), nearly 1 million species are at risk of extinction, many within decades, due to climate-related disruptions. Rising global temperatures—approximately 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels (IPCC, 2021)—have led to altered ecosystems, shifts in species distributions, and changes in phenological events like flowering, breeding, and migration. Biodiversity hotspots, such as the Western Ghats, the Amazon rainforest, and coral reef systems, are already witnessing widespread habitat degradation. For instance, India lost over 90,000 sq. km of forest cover between 2001 and 2020 (Global Forest Watch), much of it linked to climate and anthropogenic factors. Coral reefs have experienced mass bleaching events, with the Great Barrier Reef losing over 50% of its coral cover since 1995, primarily due to heat stress. These ecological losses directly affect natural resources—such as freshwater, soil fertility, fisheries, and forest products—upon which more than 3 billion people rely globally. The paper further highlights how rural and indigenous communities in countries like India and Sub-Saharan Africa, where over 60% of livelihoods depend on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, forestry, and fishing, are disproportionately affected. It reviews scientific studies, remote sensing data, and community-based reports to understand spatial and temporal changes in biodiversity and resource availability. To address these challenges, the study advocates for nature-based solutions (NbS), climate-resilient conservation strategies, and integration of biodiversity policies with climate action plans. Strengthening local governance, traditional ecological knowledge, and adaptive land-use planning are emphasized as essential steps. Ultimately, without immediate mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and systemic resource governance, both biodiversity and the vital ecosystem services it supports will face irreversible damage—posing significant risks to food security, water availability, and human well-being.
Keywords	Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss, Natural Resources, Ecosystem Services, Nature-based Solutions
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-24
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58803

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Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Natural Resource Use

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