Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomal Amoxicillin for Improved Performance over Conventional Dosage Forms

Preethi J; Umamaheswari D; Senthil Prabhu R; Punniyamoorthy K; Navina S; Ashwini J

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58903

Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomal Amoxicillin for Improved Performance over Conventional Dosage Forms

Author(s)	Ms. Preethi J, Umamaheswari D, Senthil Prabhu R, Punniyamoorthy K, Navina S, Ashwini J
Country	India
Abstract	Amoxicillin is a widely used antibiotic; however, its therapeutic potential is constrained by poor gastric stability and the need for frequent dosing. To overcome these limitations, Amoxicillin-loaded niosomes were formulated through the thin-film hydration method using Span 60 and cholesterol. Preformulation studies including organoleptic evaluation, solubility determination, pH measurement and melting point analysis were carried out prior to formulation development to understand the physicochemical characteristics of the drug, ensuring compatibility with excipients and the selection of appropriate formulation parameters for achieving optimum stability and performance. The entrapment efficiency ranged from 65.2 ± 0.8% (F1) to 89.0 ± 0.6% (F4), with formulation F4 exhibiting optimal bilayer stability at a 1:1 ratio of Span 60 and cholesterol. FT-IR analysis confirmed the absence of any drug–excipient interactions. SEM and zeta potential analyses were performed for the optimized formulation (F4), as it had the highest entrapment efficiency and superior vesicular characteristics. SEM analysis revealed discrete, spherical niosomal vesicles with uniform morphology, while a highly negative zeta potential indicated excellent colloidal stability and effective prevention of vesicle aggregation. In vitro diffusion studies conducted using a Franz diffusion cell demonstrated a sustained drug release of 76.9% over 420 minutes, which can be attributed to the rigid bilayer structure formed by Span 60 and cholesterol that effectively retards drug leakage and prolongs diffusion through the membrane. The sustained release behaviour suggests extended drug retention, improved permeation and prolonged therapeutic effect. Overall, the niosomal formulation markedly improved the stability, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Amoxicillin, providing a promising controlled delivery system that enhances patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.
Keywords	Liposomes, Niosomes, Non-ionic surfactant, Multilamellar vesicles, Unilamellar vesicles.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-27
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58903

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Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomal Amoxicillin for Improved Performance over Conventional Dosage Forms

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