Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen via Intranasal Delivery of Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes.

Satyam Shrivastava; Shloke Kumar Dwivedi; Arti Bhagat; Neha Dubey; Anees Ahmed

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58951

Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen via Intranasal Delivery of Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes.

Author(s)	Mr. Satyam Shrivastava, Mr. Shloke Kumar Dwivedi, Ms. Arti Bhagat, Ms. Neha Dubey, Mr. Anees Ahmed
Country	India
Abstract	Mucosal immunization represents a promising alternative to traditional parenteral vaccines for pathogens like Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which often enter via mucosal surfaces. This study investigates the efficacy of intranasal delivery of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) encapsulated in plain liposomes (UL-HBsAg) and antibody-conjugated liposomes (ACL-HBsAg) to elicit robust mucosal and systemic immune responses.Liposomal formulations were developed, characterized for antigen integrity using SDS-PAGE and UV-spectroscopy, and quantified via BCA assay. In-process stability was confirmed. In vivo studies were performed in female BALB/c mice (n=3 per group), comparing intranasal administration of UL-HBsAg, ACL-HBsAg, plain HBsAg (10 μg dose with booster at 3 weeks), intramuscular marketed alum-adsorbed HBsAg, and saline control. Serum IgG and mucosal IgA levels (in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavage, and saliva) were assessed by ELISA at 14, 28, and 42 days post-booster. Fluorescence microscopy evaluated formulation uptake using rhodamine-labeled liposomes.ACL-HBsAg induced significantly higher mucosal IgA responses (p<0.05) than UL-HBsAg, intramuscular vaccine, and plain antigen, while systemic IgG levels were comparable to the marketed vaccine and superior to plain antigen. Enhanced uptake was observed in nasal mucosa, lungs, and spleen, attributed to antibody targeting and mucoadhesive properties.These results highlight antibody-conjugated liposomes as an effective intranasal platform for combined nasal-pulmonary immunization, potentially improving prophylaxis against HBV and other mucosal infections, warranting further evaluation in larger models.
Keywords	Immune Responses, liposomes, Mucosal , Hepatitis B,antigen.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-28
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58951

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Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen via Intranasal Delivery of Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes.

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