International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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The Heart of Devotion: A Comparative Study of Rāmānuja and Śrī Caitanya’s Bhakti Philosophy

Author(s) Dr. Baishali Majumdar
Country India
Abstract The spiritual traditions of India have been profoundly shaped by the doctrine of bhakti—devotional love directed toward the Divine. Among the diverse articulations of bhakti, Rāmānuja (1017–1137 CE) and Śrī Caitanya (1486–1533 CE) stand as two monumental figures who transformed the metaphysical and emotional landscape of Hindu spirituality. Rāmānuja’s Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta synthesized rigorous philosophy with the affective devotion of the Āḻvārs, grounding bhakti in an ontological relationship between the finite jīva and the infinite Brahman understood as Nārāyaṇa. Śrī Caitanya, on the other hand, deepened the interior dimension of bhakti by emphasizing prema—divine love—as both the means and the goal of spiritual realization through the ecstatic practices of nāma-saṅkīrtana (collective chanting of the divine name).
This study offers a comparative philosophical exploration of their bhakti doctrines, highlighting their metaphysical premises, emotional dynamics, and theological implications. While Rāmānuja framed devotion as a disciplined surrender (prapatti) harmonizing reason and faith, Caitanya envisioned love as a spontaneous, transformative energy that transcends intellectual categories. Both systems converge on the primacy of grace (prasāda) and the indispensability of divine compassion. Drawing from canonical texts such as Rāmānuja’s Śrī Bhāṣya and Gītā Bhāṣya and Caitanya’s Caitanya Caritāmṛta, the paper elucidates how these two luminous paths converge in the celebration of the soul’s intimate union with God. The study underscores the enduring significance of their bhakti philosophies for contemporary interreligious dialogue and spiritual humanism.
Keywords Bhakti, Rāmānuja, Śrī Caitanya, Prema, Prapatti, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Gaudiya Vaiṣṇavism, Devotion, Grace, Vedānta.
Field Sociology > Philosophy / Psychology / Religion
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58970
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