High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs): Beyond Conventional Metallurgy: A comparative review of phase stability, lattice distortion, and configurational entropy in HEAs for structural and functional applications.

Author(s)	Aarav Gupta
Country	India
Abstract	High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) represent a transformative shift in metallurgy, moving from base-element design to compositionally complex systems stabilized by configurational entropy. This review examines the quantitative interdependence of phase stability, lattice distortion, and configurational entropy and connects these mechanisms to machine-learning-driven alloy design and sustainable processing. Emphasis is placed on predictive parameters such as δ, Ω, and valence electron concentration (VEC), which govern solid-solution formation and mechanical performance. Processing techniques, including mechanical alloying, spark plasma sintering, and additive manufacturing, are evaluated for their impact on microstructural control and defect evolution. Comparative analyses highlight HEAs’ superior high-temperature strength (>400 MPa @ 1200 °C), radiation resistance (<1 % swelling), and cryogenic ductility (>50 %). Sustainable Fe-, Mn-, and Al-based compositions demonstrate reduced reliance on critical elements. Integrating thermodynamics, machine learning, and lifecycle assessment establishes HEAs as a data-driven foundation for next-generation aerospace, nuclear, and energy materials engineering.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-30
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.58975

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