Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Plant Extract of Cleome Gynandra L: Characterization and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities

Velmani V; Rajesh P; Jaya Pradeep G; Syed Illyas S

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.59108

Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Plant Extract of Cleome Gynandra L: Characterization and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities

Author(s)	Dr. Velmani V, Dr. Rajesh P, Mr. Jaya Pradeep G, Mr. Syed Illyas S
Country	India
Abstract	Cleome gynandra L. is a medicinal plant extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine due to its diverse therapeutic properties. The bioactive compounds present in Cleome gynandra make it an ideal candidate for the green synthesis of nanoparticles, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods. In this study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles CG-Co₃O₄ NPs were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract of Cleome gynandra through a rapid, economical, and eco-friendly approach. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Zeta potential, and Particle size analysis, confirming their structural, morphological, and elemental properties. Biological evaluations demonstrated that CG-Co₃O₄ NPs possess significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, highlighting their potential as antimicrobial agents. Significant free radical scavenging ability was demonstrated by antioxidant experiments employing DPPH, suggesting robust antioxidant capability. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity studies against the human lung cancer (A549) cell line showed high anticancer activity; CG-Co₃O₄ nanoparticles synthesized via a green route exhibit multifunctional biological activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. These results reveal that CG-Co3O₄ NPs may be suitable for pharmacological and biological uses, providing a sustainable and efficient method of developing nanoparticles.
Keywords	Cleome gynandra L. plant extract, Cobalt oxide nanoparticles, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer activity, A549 lung cancer cell line, AO/EB dual staining
Field	Chemistry
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-31
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.59108

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Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Plant Extract of Cleome Gynandra L: Characterization and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities

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