Enzyme Mediated Microbial Strategies For Soil Remediation And Phosphate Mobilization: A Metagenomic Perspective.

Deenali N Patel; Farida P Minocheherhomji; Rajeshree Patel

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.59145

Enzyme Mediated Microbial Strategies For Soil Remediation And Phosphate Mobilization: A Metagenomic Perspective.

Author(s)	Dr. Deenali N Patel, Prof. Dr. Farida P Minocheherhomji, Dr. Rajeshree Patel
Country	India
Abstract	Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient for plant growth and productivity, yet its availability in soils is often limited due to the formation of insoluble complexes with metal ions. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs), particularly bacteria and fungi, play a pivotal role in mobilizing phosphorus through enzymatic mechanisms, including the secretion of phosphatases, phytases, and dehydrogenases. These enzymes catalyze the transformation of insoluble or organic phosphorus compounds into bioavailable forms, thereby enhancing nutrient uptake and mitigating P-deficiency in agricultural soils. Moreover, enzyme-mediated biotransformation contributes to the remediation of phosphorus-contaminated or low-P soils by restoring nutrient dynamics and improving soil fertility. This review explores the taxonomic and functional diversity of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), with a focus on key genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Enterobacter. The dual functionality of these microbes as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is highlighted. Recent advances in metagenomics and multi-omics platforms, including whole-genome shotgun sequencing, single-cell genomics, and functional gene profiling (e.g., gcd, phoD), have provided novel insights into the enzymatic capabilities and ecological roles of PSMs. These tools have enabled the identification of previously unculturable taxa and facilitated the characterization of enzymatic pathways involved in phosphorus cycling. The review also discusses current challenges in metagenomic annotation and data integration, while emphasizing future directions such as enzyme engineering, microbial consortia development, and precision agriculture applications. Overall, enzyme-driven microbial strategies present a promising avenue for enhancing soil phosphorus availability, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Keywords	Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs); Phosphatases; Phytases; Glucose dehydrogenase; Soil bioremediation; Metagenomics; Phosphorus cycling; Sustainable agriculture; PGPR; Functional gene profiling.
Field	Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-03
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.59145
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g99p53

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Enzyme Mediated Microbial Strategies For Soil Remediation And Phosphate Mobilization: A Metagenomic Perspective.

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