Modeling Output Voltage of Piezoelectric Tiles Using AC Circuit Principles

Author(s)	Radhya Mahajan
Country	India
Abstract	Piezoelectric tiles generate time-varying voltages in response to mechanical excitation, so DC approximations overlook the frequency-dependent behavior that governs real power delivery. This paper utilizes tiles with AC circuits, including equivalents, a current source in parallel with a clamped capacitor, and, when necessary, a Mason/KLM-derived electromechanical RLC branch, to capture impedance, resonance, and load matching effects. Using sinusoidal and footstep-like inputs, we show why output voltage rolls off with frequency for capacitive sources, why impulse inputs produce brief high peaks, and how complex-conjugate load matching and synchronous extraction circuits materially increase delivered energy. We close with a compact design playbook and a roadmap on nonlinear/temperature-aware models, durability protocols, and adaptive power electronics. AC modeling is not just more accurate than DC; it is essential for sizing loads, tuning resonance, and specifying the interface electronics that turn footsteps into usable DC power.
Keywords	piezoelectric tiles; AC modeling; impedance matching; resonance; energy harvesting; synchronous extraction.
Field	Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-31
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.59213

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