International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Peace and the Unconditioned: Nibbāna as the Supreme Pacification

Author(s) Mr. KELASA, DR. VIVEK KUMAR
Country India
Abstract Abstract
This article argues that early Buddhist discourse in the Sutta Piṭaka construes peace not as mere emotional calm or social quietism but as the pacification (upasama) that culminates in nibbāna, the unconditioned. Reading key formulae “nibbānaṁ paramaṁ sukhaṁ,” “stilling of all formations” (sabbasaṅkhārasamatho), and epithets such as santi (peace) and khema (security) the study clarifies how “supreme happiness” denotes qualitative freedom from affliction rather than hedonic pleasure. It maps the semantic field of peace within the soteriological sequence nibbidā virāga nirodha upasama/vimutti, and shows how the path functions as a technology of pacification: ethical discipline (sīla) removes remorse and fear, concentration (samādhi/jhāna) stills the hindrances and unifies attention, and insight (vipassanā) discloses anicca–dukkha anattā, deconstructing craving and clinging. The article addresses common misreadings (nihilism, quietism) and proposes that the Nikāyas present peace as the non-arising of stress grounded in dependent origination’s cessation, with practical implications for contemplative training and communal concord.
Keywords Keywords: nibbāna; upasama; santi; khema; Sutta Piṭaka; jhāna; vipassanā; dependent origination; sabbasaṅkhārasamatho
Field Arts
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.59253
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