International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Dharma, Rule of Law and the Indian Constitution: Ancient Foundations of Legal Order

Author(s) Mr. Prashant Kumar, Dr. Pramod Kumar Rajput
Country India
Abstract The idea of Dharma, which stands for a moral, spiritual, and social order that regulates the universe and human behavior, is fundamental to India's intellectual and legal legacy. Ancient Indian legal philosophy had outlined a conception of justice predicated on Dharma a higher law that bound even kings and institutions long before the contemporary "Rule of Law" doctrine appeared in Western jurisprudence. This study looks at how the ideas of Dharma provided the philosophical foundation for the contemporary Indian Constitution's conception of equality, justice, liberty and fraternity. Using classical literature like the Vedas, Upanishads, Manusmṛti, Arthaśāstra and Mahābhārata, it investigates the relationship between constitutional morality as envisioned by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the Constitution's framers and ancient Indian legal ethics.

According to the study, the Indian Constitution is a contemporary manifestation of Dharma-Rajya, a synthesis of moral and legal order in which the rule of law governs, justice is based on ethics and the foundation of state power is the dignity of the individual. The paper demonstrates how India's judiciary upholds this Dharmic ideal of governance by examining significant constitutional provisions, judicial interpretations and seminal cases like Kesavananda Bharati and Maneka Gandhi. In the end, it comes to the conclusion that Dharma and the Rule of Law are complementary manifestations of India's ongoing pursuit of moral justice and upright order rather than opposing ideologies.
Keywords Dharma, Rule of Law, Indian Constitution, Justice, Constitutional Morality, Ancient Indian Legal Thought.
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.59343
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