A Contemporary Survey of Low-Light Image Enhancement: From Sensor Physics to Perceptual Synthesis

Author(s)	Mr. Jigar Ashwinbhai Dalwadi, Niteen Vaghela, Poonam Sahibani, Vishal Patel
Country	India
Abstract	The challenge of Low-Light Image Enhancement (LLIE) represents one of computer vision's most persistent obstacles, addressing the fundamental limitation of photon scarcity in imaging sensors. This comprehensive survey navigates the evolving ecosystem of enhancement methodologies that combat visual degradation under suboptimal lighting conditions. We present a novel categorization framework that transcends conventional chronological classifications, instead organizing techniques by their underlying enhancement philosophy. The analysis extends beyond traditional performance metrics to examine computational efficiency, practical deployment constraints, and ecological validity of current approaches. Our investigation reveals that the next frontier in LLIE lies not in incremental accuracy improvements but in developing adaptive, resource-aware systems that balance perceptual quality with functional utility for downstream applications.
Keywords	Photon-Limited Imaging, Computational Photography, Adaptive Enhancement, Perceptual Fidelity, Resource-Aware Vision Systems
Field	Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On	2025-10-31
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.59348

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