International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Diversifying Rural Livelihoods for a Sustainable Future: A Narrative Review of Global Strategies

Author(s) Ms. Ashfana, Prof. Sunita Devi
Country India
Abstract Diversifying sources of livelihood is a crucial strategy for rural households to manage environmental and economic shocks effectively and to reduce rural poverty. This review paper presents a comprehensive two-part literature review on the determinants and contributions of livelihood diversification strategies to sustainable development goals (SDGs). The first part of the study examines the factors that drive the adoption of these strategies. The second part evaluates how livelihood diversification contributes to achieving the SDGs, including poverty alleviation, ensuring food security, reducing inequalities by increasing income levels, improving health and well-being, promoting gender equality, and mitigating climatic vulnerability. The review indicates that education, income, market access, livestock, credit availability, technology, and electrification are the major factors influencing the adoption of livelihood diversification strategies. However, livelihood diversification strategies, such as non-farm and off-farm activities, are currently the most essential means of improving living standards in rural areas. According to the review, 20-50% of the rural population derives employment from nonfarm activities. Thus, this review provides planners, policymakers, and other relevant entities with enough information to pay greater attention to nonagricultural livelihood approaches in achieving various sustainable development goals. These strategies are instrumental in combating poverty, strengthening food security, increasing income levels, enhancing health and wellness, promoting gender parity, and reducing susceptibility to climate-related challenges in rural areas. Therefore, the country's future policies, plans, initiatives, and activities should focus on achieving sustainable development goals by encouraging off-farm and non-farm rural livelihood diversification strategies. This review also identified a scarcity of studies that explore the impact of livelihood diversification strategies on gender and health outcomes.
Keywords Livelihood diversification, determinants, strategies, rural livelihood, sustainable development goals
Field Arts
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.59864
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