Deepfake Evidence and the Indian Criminal Justice System: Challenges of Authenticity, Consent, and Admissibility in Law

Author(s)	Mr. Harmanjeet Singh, Dr. Ritu Panta
Country	India
Abstract	Artificial intelligence has advanced so fast that it is now possible to create highly realistic manipulated audio-visual content, so-called "deepfakes." Deepfakes were first developed for entertainment purposes, but their mass production is causing extreme problems for the legal system, especially regarding authenticity, consent, and whether they can be admitted as evidence. The courts in India are increasingly dependent on digital evidence, but there is little guidance available on how courts should handle content that has been privately altered. This paper critically examines the legal, constitutional, and procedural issues that the arrival of deepfake evidence poses in India. As part of its analysis, the paper looks into the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, and the Information Technology Act, 2000, besides. Apart from that, it also considers court rulings and the general international standards. The work delineates the dark side of the Internet, describes how the rights of the netizens can be violated, and, finally, what consequences can follow.
Keywords	Deepfake, Admissibility, Criminal Law, Artificial Intelligence, Privacy, Consent
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-12
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.60298

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