International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Impact of pH on Force Degradation of Elastics in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review

Author(s) Dr. M V Durga, Dr. Suma S, Dr. Jyothi Kiran H
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Background:
Orthodontic elastics and elastomeric chains are integral to achieving controlled tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. However, these materials are susceptible to force degradation, particularly when exposed to varying intraoral conditions. Among the influencing factors, pH fluctuations in the oral environment—caused by diet, hygiene products, or saliva composition—may significantly affect the mechanical integrity of elastics. Understanding how pH levels impact force degradation is crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes.
Objective
Objective of the review was to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature on the impact of pH variations on the mechanical properties and degradation rates of orthodontic elastics.
Data Source:
Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched for studies published between January 1990 and December 2024 with keywords such as force decay, force degradation, e chain, elastics, orthodontics, pH.
Result:
Out of 611 initially identified articles, 5 met the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the degradation behaviour of orthodontic elastics under pH conditions ranging from 4.0 to 7.5. Two studies focused on latex elastics, while three evaluated elastomeric chains. Results varied, with some studies identifying a significant correlation between pH and force degradation particularly under acidic or alkaline conditions while others reported no statistically significant relationship.
Conclusion:
This review indicates that pH fluctuations especially in acidic or alkaline environments can adversely affect the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastics, contributing to premature force loss. Despite some inconsistencies across studies, the findings underscore the importance of patient education regarding dietary and oral hygiene habits that influence oral pH. Further standardized research is recommended to establish definitive clinical guidelines for material selection and maintenance under variable pH conditions.
Keywords force decay, force degradation, e chain, elastomeric chain, elastics, orthodontics, pH
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-15
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.60586
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