Lifestyle Determinants and Their Association with Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s)	Ms. RICHA KUMARI, Ms. RUPANSHI GARG
Country	India
Abstract	Cardiovascular diseases are still the number one cause of death in the world and are responsible for about 17.9 million deaths each year. Though there is a genetic factor to cardiovascular risk, emerging evidence shows that lifestyle determinants play a major role in both the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This comprehensive review examines major lifestyle factors-diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep patterns, and stress management-and their association with cardiovascular health outcomes. The paper synthesizes current evidence from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses to explain the mechanisms through which changes in lifestyle can reduce cardiovascular risk. Understanding these associations is important for the development of effective primary and secondary prevention strategies to substantially reduce the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords	cardiovascular disease, lifestyle factors, diet, physical activity, smoking, prevention, and risk factors.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-15
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.60681

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