Reimagining Non-Invasive Respiratory Support: A Conceptual Analysis of Bubble Ventilation in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Sharanabasappa S; Anupama Oka

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.60727

Reimagining Non-Invasive Respiratory Support: A Conceptual Analysis of Bubble Ventilation in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Author(s)	Sharanabasappa S, Prof. Dr. Anupama Oka
Country	India
Abstract	Background: Respiratory distress in newborns and infants is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in resource-limited settings. While mechanical ventilation remains a cornerstone of respiratory support, it carries risks such as barotrauma, infection, and increased healthcare costs. In this context, bubble ventilation systems—especially bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP)—have gained attention as effective, physiologically harmonious, and low-cost non-invasive alternatives. Objective: This concept review aims to define and contextualize the growing role of bubble ventilation in neonatal and pediatric respiratory care. The article explores technological evolution, physiological mechanisms, clinical applications, nursing responsibilities, and strategic directions for research and practice. Methods: A narrative review approach was used to synthesize current evidence from peer-reviewed literature related to bubble CPAP and modified bubble ventilation systems. The review includes published data from neonatal intensive care units, observational studies in low-income countries, bench studies, and device performance evaluations. Results: Bubble ventilation enhances pulmonary function by maintaining functional residual capacity and promoting alveolar recruitment. The superimposed pressure oscillations generated by the bubbling mechanism aid in gas exchange, reduce work of breathing, and possibly mimic aspects of high-frequency ventilation. Clinical evidence supports its efficacy in managing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the newborn, and select pediatric respiratory conditions. Nurses play pivotal roles in setup, patient monitoring, complication prevention, and family education, making interprofessional coordination essential. Conclusion: As an evidence-based alternative to invasive ventilation, bubble ventilation offers substantial clinical and logistical advantages, particularly in under-resourced environments. Future priorities include randomized controlled trials, standardized protocols, and innovations such as smart bCPAP devices to optimize safety and expand its use across pediatric age groups.
Keywords	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, Infant, Positive-Pressure Respiration, Bubble ventilation
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-15
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.60727

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Reimagining Non-Invasive Respiratory Support: A Conceptual Analysis of Bubble Ventilation in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

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