International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Comparative Analysis of FACTS Devices with AI-Enhanced Damping Controllers: Experimental Validation and Simulation Studies on Multi-Bus Test Systems

Author(s) Dr. Chandan Kumar Sha, Dr. Kannan A S
Country India
Abstract Wide-area blackout risk can be increased and stability margins weakened by low-frequency inter-area oscillations, which are a major threat to large interconnected power grids. Especially in deregulated and renewable-rich situations, traditional power system stabilizers (PSSs) sometimes fall short in providing sufficient damping under various operating scenarios. To solve this, components from the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)—more especially, UPFC, TCSC, SSSC, and STATCOM—are used for oscillation damping and dynamic reactive power supply. A comparative experimental and simulation-based assessment of several FACTS devices combined with sophisticated damping controllers is presented in this research. A DSP–FPGA–dSPACE platform, synchronous generator models, modular VSC-based FACTS prototypes, and programmable transmission line emulators were used to create a special hardware testbed. This platform was used to implement and validate controllers that ranged from traditional PI and lead-lag to fuzzy logic, ANFIS, and metaheuristic optimisers (GA, PSO, and GWO). Cross-validation between hardware and models was made possible by complementary simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink and PSCAD/EMTDC on the IEEE 39-bus, IEEE 9-bus, and Kundur two-area New England test systems. In comparison to the uncompensated situation, according to the data, UPFC continuously outperforms the others, increasing critical clearing time (CCT) by 35%, reducing rotor oscillation settling durations to roughly 2.1 s, and improving damping ratios by up to 17.8%. While TCSC improves first-swing stability, STATCOM also offers significant improvements in damping and voltage profile regulation. Additionally, the incorporation of AI-based damping controllers performs noticeably better than traditional methods, with GA-optimized controllers and ANFIS offering adaptive responses under a variety of disturbances. This work bridges the gap between simulation-only research and real-world hardware implementation by combining AI-enhanced wide-area dampening techniques with real-time experimental validation. This is its main innovation. The results demonstrate that FACTS devices provide a scalable route to the stability and resilience of the future generation smart grid when paired with contemporary AI and Wide-Area Measurement Systems (WAMS).
Keywords Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Power System Stability, Wide-Area Damping Control (WADC), Artificial Intelligence Controllers (ANFIS, GA, PSO), Experimental Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation, Critical Clearing Time Enhancement
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61433
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbcbbp
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