International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Gaps in India’s Environmental Legislative Framework: An Analysis in Light of NGT Jurisprudence

Author(s) Ms. Annapurna Trivedi, Prof. (Dr.) Aryendu Dwivedi
Country India
Abstract India has built an extensive body of environmental laws over the past few decades, yet the country continues to struggle with rising levels of pollution, ecological degradation, and weak enforcement. This gap between legislation and environmental outcomes points to deep-rooted structural and institutional challenges. Although the National Green Tribunal (NGT) was created to provide a specialized and efficient forum for environmental disputes, its effectiveness is often limited by shortcomings in the very laws it is meant to uphold. Issues such as overlapping statutes, weak regulatory bodies, limited citizen access, and inconsistent coordination between the executive and judiciary continue to dilute environmental governance in India.
This paper undertakes a detailed assessment of these weaknesses by examining key environmental laws, judicial interpretations, and landmark NGT decisions. It highlights how gaps in legislative design, outdated regulatory mechanisms, and fragmented institutional responsibilities hinder the country’s ability to protect its natural resources. The analysis demonstrates that despite progressive jurisprudence and repeated judicial interventions, India’s environmental framework remains constrained by poor implementation and insufficient administrative capacity. The paper concludes that meaningful environmental protection will require clearer statutory mandates, stronger enforcement institutions, and more harmonious cooperation between the judiciary, legislature, and executive branches. Only then can India move toward a truly effective and sustainable environmental governance system.
Keywords Environmental Governance, National Green Tribunal, Legislative Gaps, Environmental Rule of Law, Sustainable Development, Judicial Review, Environmental Policy, Enforcement Challenges
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-25
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61626
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbcnvn
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