International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 7 Issue 6
November-December 2025

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Political Polarization and Democratic Stability: A Contemporary Analysis

Author(s) Dr. Shobhadevi Rathod
Country India
Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the evolving relationship between political polarization and democratic stability in the contemporary era. As societies become increasingly divided along ideological, social, and partisan lines, polarization has emerged as a central factor influencing the functioning and resilience of democratic systems. The study distinguishes between ideological polarization, which concerns substantive policy disagreements, and affective polarization, which reflects growing emotional hostility toward political opponents. While ideological differences can enhance democratic accountability by offering voters clear choices, affective polarization creates deeper societal fractures that erode trust, undermine cooperation, and delegitimize opposing groups. This paper analyzes how both forms of polarization interact with institutional structures such as electoral systems, judicial frameworks, and norms of governance to either mitigate or exacerbate political conflict. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that political polarization is neither inherently detrimental nor inherently beneficial; its effects depend on intensity, societal context, and institutional capacity. By identifying key mechanisms through which polarization influences democratic stability, the paper offers insights into strategies for strengthening democratic resilience, including reforms that promote deliberation, protect independent institutions, and reduce the emotionalization of political identities
Keywords Affective Political Division; Institutional Resilience; Democratic Erosion; Partisan Hostility; Governance Reform Strategies
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-30
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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