International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Twice Displaced: Women Navigating Climate-Induced Flooding and Evictions in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements

Author(s) Prof. Dr. Angela R. Pashayan, Mr. Ikeh Elvis Kenechukwu
Country United States
Abstract In Nairobi, Kenya, women living in Mukuru, an informal settlement along Nairobi's Ngong River, bear the brunt of severe annual flooding intensified by climate change. In June of 2025, The Kenyan government demolished over 20,000 homes near the Ngong River following the May 2024 floods. No resettlement plans were offered, leaving thousands—primarily women and children—homeless and exposed. The study explores the experiences of twice-displaced women, who face compounded vulnerabilities as both slum residents and victims of state-led demolitions. The PI collected qualitative data through a focus group of 20 women who were asked 10 semi-structured interview questions addressing livelihoods, safety, access to food and water, period poverty, and governance. Results reveal that women shoulder disproportionate burdens of environmental and social crises. On top of the existing job insecurity in informal settlements, women experience heightened sexual exploitation, loss of identity documents, and exposure to disease, while navigating exclusion from political decision-making as they make efforts to rebuild their home. Research findings show that these women are resilient, despite repeated setbacks. The women call for government fairness, mentorship, and collective organization. Their voices illuminate the need for broader discussions on gender, climate justice, and urban and poverty, particularly highlighting the urgent need for more attention to development in informal settlements. The findings reinforce that women in informal settlements are potential leaders in creating equitable and sustainable recovery systems.
Keywords climate floods, women & gender, displacement, informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya, Mukuru Slum
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61784
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