Osseointegration: Biological Basis, Materials Science, and Clinical Perspectives in Dental Implantology

Author(s)	Dr. Gaurav Gupta, Dr. Shaveta Bansal, Dr. Sajjy Upinder, Dr. Shailaja Kapila
Country	India
Abstract	Osseointegration is defined as the direct, structural, and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing implant at the light microscopic level. Initially observed by Brånemark in the 1950s, it has become the fundamental principle governing the long-term stability of endosseous dental implants. This process involves a cascade of complex biological and biomechanical interactions that lead to bone anchorage of metallic surfaces without the formation of intervening fibrous tissue. The predictability of osseointegration depends on multiple factors, including implant surface chemistry, roughness, host bone quality, and the molecular events driving osteogenesis. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, surface modification, and biomimetic coatings have further refined this phenomenon, enabling rapid bone apposition and enhanced mechanical fixation. This article reviews the historical context, fundamental biological mechanisms, and scientific evolution of osseointegration, establishing the foundation for its clinical application in contemporary implant dentistry.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-27
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61934
Short DOI	https://doi.org/hbdsq2

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