International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Pharmacovigilance Review of Acyclovir: Mechanisms, Safety Profile, and Clinical Considerations

Author(s) Pallavi Prabhakar Patil, Umme Roman Shaikh
Country India
Abstract Acyclovir (ACV) is a guanine nucleoside analogue widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections. Its mechanism of action involves selective phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase, leading to inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and termination of viral DNA replication. While acyclovir exhibits a favorable safety profile, pharmacovigilance data have identified significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including nephrotoxicity due to crystalluria, neurotoxicity in renally impaired or elderly patients, and rare hematologic or severe cutaneous reactions. This review summarizes the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic applications, ADR patterns, drug–drug interactions, and considerations in special populations. Emphasis is placed on clinical interpretation, risk factors, dose adjustments, and strategies for early detection and prevention of ADRs. The review also highlights comparative safety with related antivirals and the role of post-marketing surveillance in optimizing patient safety.
Keywords Acyclovir, Pharmacovigilance, Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Drug–drug interactions, Special populations, Post-marketing surveillance.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-11-27
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.62147
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbdsmp
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