International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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A Comparative Assessment of Tobacco Consumption Among Adults in India: SAGE Wave 1 and Wave 3

Author(s) Dr. Siddappa Mali, M S Kampli, Sangamesh Godenavar, C N Noolvi
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Objective: This study examines changes in tobacco consumption among Indian adults aged 18 to 49 by comparing nationally representative data from SAGE Wave 1 (2007-08) and Wave 3 (2019-20). The objective is to assess changes in daily, non-daily, non-current, and never-use patterns across key socio-demographic groups.
Method: Data were drawn from WHO’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) covering six states consistently across both waves. The analysis focused on adults aged 18 to 49 and evaluated four indicators: current daily tobacco use, non-daily use, non-current use, and never-use. Proportions were compared across age, sex, marital status, residence, caste, religion, education, and wealth quintiles using Z-testes to assess statistical significance.
Results: Daily tobacco use declined sharply across all demographic groups, most prominently among young adults (21% to 4%) and men (60% to 16%) Substantial reductions were also observed by caste, religion, education, and wealth categories, indicating board behavioural change. In contrast, non-daily use showed minimal change. Non-current use increased markedly across age groups, rising form 1-2% to 14-26%, while never-use also rose substantially especially among adults aged 30 to 49, men and marginalized socioeconomic groups. These findings suggest declining initiation, increased quitting, and a major reduction in tobacco dependence over time.
Conclusion: Tobacco consumption among Indian adults has shifted markedly, with significant reductions in daily use and rising quitting and non-initiation trends. However, persistent occasional use and socioeconomic disparities highlight the need for targeted, equity-focused interventions to sustain progress and reduce remaining gaps in tobacco control.
Keywords Tobacco; SAGE India; Daily tobacco use; Non-daily tobacco use; Tobacco cessation; Never-users; Public health.
Field Sociology > Health
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.62345
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbdshr
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