Screen Time Associated Ocular Disorders in Children: A Comprehensive Review of Digital Eye Strain, Dry Eye, Convergence Insufficiency, and Neuro-Ophthalmic Concerns.

Author(s)	Dr. Venugopal Reddy Iragamreddy, Prof. Dr. Bhaskar Shenoy
Country	India
Abstract	The exponential rise in digital device use among children has created an emerging spectrum of screen-associated ocular disorders. Digital eye strain, dry eye disease, convergence insufficiency, accommodation dysfunction, sleep disruption, and neuro-ophthalmic concerns have become increasingly prevalent, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread adoption of online education. Children are uniquely vulnerable due to immature visual systems, prolonged indoor confinement, reduced blinking, closer viewing distances, and increased digital dependence. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based interventions for screen-associated ocular disorders in the pediatric population. The article highlights the need for improved awareness among parents, pediatricians, and educators, along with preventive strategies, ergonomic recommendations, validated screening tools, and school based digital use guidelines.
Keywords	Digital Eye Strain; Screen Time; Pediatric Dry Eye; Convergence Insufficiency; Accommodation Fatigue; Neuro Ophthalmic Symptoms; Computer Vision Syndrome; Child Eye Health.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-05
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.62623

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