International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Fading Fertility: Investigating the Effect of Urban Pollution on Seed Formation in Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Author(s) Dr. Siddaraju M N, Dr. Anitha Nagaraju, Mr. Yashwanth S B, Mr. Siddu Vittala Yadavada, Ms. Meghashree Kalladka, Ms. Madhushree Sajipamuda
Country India
Abstract Caesalpinia pulcherrima, or the peacock flower, is a striking ornamental plant known for its adaptability to different environments. However, its reproductive success under pollution stress remains a key concern. This study examines the impact of environmental pollution on seed production by comparing plants in a well-maintained garden with those growing along a polluted roadside. Our findings reveal significant differences between plants in the garden and the roadside plants. The plants in the garden produced more pods and seeds, with an average of 9 ± 1.2 seeds per pod, of which 6 ± 1.1 were fully developed. In contrast, roadside plants, exposed to vehicle emissions and industrial pollutants, produced 20-30% fewer pods and seeds, averaging 7 ± 1.4 seeds per pod, with only 4 ± 0.9 reaching full maturity. This decline is linked to pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and heavy metals, which interfere with plant metabolism, pollination, and seed development. Pollution-induced stress appears to shift the plant’s resource allocation. Energy that would typically support reproduction is redirected toward survival mechanisms. Understanding these changes is crucial for urban biodiversity and conservation efforts. Reducing pollution and enhancing green spaces can help plants like C. pulcherrima sustain their reproductive success in urban environments.
Keywords seed viability, pollution, urban ecology, plant reproduction, environmental stress
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-06
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.62695
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