International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Reverse Migration during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bihar

Author(s) Dr. Punita Kumari
Country India
Abstract Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 triggered an unprecedented reverse migration of workers in India, especially to high out-migration states like Bihar. This study examines the phenomenon of reverse migration during the pandemic in Bihar, focusing on its economic impact, social implications, policy responses, and the lived experiences of returning migrants. Using a mixed-methods approach, we synthesize quantitative data from surveys and reports alongside qualitative accounts of migrant workers. The findings reveal severe economic shocks: massive job losses, income decline, and a surge in rural unemployment and poverty. Socially, returning migrants faced stigma, inadequate healthcare access, and community-level challenges upon reintegration. The paper reviews the policy measures implemented by the central and state governments – such as relief packages, employment schemes, and social assistance – and evaluates their effectiveness and limitations. Lived experiences of migrants are highlighted through narratives of hardship during transit, struggles in home villages, and coping strategies. The study also observes migrants’ future intentions, with many expressing willingness to re-migrate due to insufficient local livelihood options. These insights underscore the need for strengthened social safety nets and long-term rural development strategies to address the vulnerabilities exposed by the reverse migration crisis.
Keywords Reverse migration; COVID-19; Bihar; migrant workers; economic impact; social impact; policy response; mixed-methods
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-20
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63029
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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