International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Mode Of Education In India: Behavioural Foundations, Systemic Challenges, And The Future Of Learning Under NEP 2020

Author(s) Mr. Aman Kumar Swarnkar
Country India
Abstract India’s educational ecosystem has been reshaped by rapid technological advancement, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the introduction of the National Education Policy (NEP 2020). This paper develops a theoretical framework to understand the behavioural dynamics underlying students’ responses to online, offline, and hybrid learning modes. Drawing on principles from behavioural economics, such as bounded rationality, cognitive overload, present bias, and social preference, he study examines how psychological factors shape learning experiences beyond conventional economic explanations. The paper also discusses systemic barriers, including digital disparities, pedagogical limitations, institutional capacity gaps, and mental health challenges. Using Self-Determination Theory (autonomy, competence, relatedness) as a behavioural anchor, the analysis argues that hybrid learning offers the most balanced educational environment for Indian students. Finally, the paper outlines policy directions under NEP 2020 and proposes a conceptual behavioural model that captures the trade-offs inherent in different modes of learning.
Keywords Online education, Offline learning, Hybrid learning, Behavioural economics, NEP 2020, Cognitive load, Self-Determination Theory, Student motivation, Digital divide, Higher education India
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-11
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63180
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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