Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) Technology Innovations and Challenges: A Review

Author(s)	Mr. Meet Singh Patheja, Mr. Shivank Soni
Country	India
Abstract	Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), formed by collaborating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling dynamic, infrastructure-free wireless communication in three-dimensional (3-D) aerial environments. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in FANET research, covering its architecture, communication technologies, routing strategies, recent innovations, and open challenges. Key enabling technologies such as low-power wide area wireless protocols, machine-learning based routing, and clustering algorithms are examined. We also highlight significant limitations—including high mobility, rapid topology changes, limited energy resources, and security threats—that hinder reliable large-scale deployment. The review concludes by identifying possible future research directions to overcome these challenges and fully realize the potential of FANETs across civilian, industrial, and military applications.
Keywords	FANET, UAV, ad-hoc network, routing protocol, mobility model, energy efficiency, security, clustering, machine learning.
Field	Computer > Network / Security
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-14
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63363

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