First Report on Accurate Diagnostic of Hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis Based on Different Diagnostic Approaches in Patients with Gastro-intestinal Disorders in Northeastern Himalayan State of India.

Onila Nongmaithem; Archana Leimapokpam Chanu; Lalit Hijam; Kerina Rajkumari; Mayengbam Jina; Asem Silpa

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63499

First Report on Accurate Diagnostic of Hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis Based on Different Diagnostic Approaches in Patients with Gastro-intestinal Disorders in Northeastern Himalayan State of India.

Author(s)	Dr. Onila Nongmaithem, Ms. Archana Leimapokpam Chanu, Mr. Lalit Hijam, Ms. Kerina Rajkumari, Ms. Mayengbam Jina, Ms. Asem Silpa
Country	India
Abstract	Background & objectives: Hookworm infection is one of the important causes of iron deficiency anaemia in children. Sensitive diagnostic methods are important for accurate assessment among the different species of hookworm infection. Microscopy is still gold standared however microscopy alone cannot differentiate between hookworm species and other similar Strongyloid. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the hookworm eggs from the stool sample by microscopy and further subjected for species specific identification targeting mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Methods: A total methods of 300 samples were collected from the children with gastrointestinal symptoms during February 2018 to February 2019.All samples were examined using saline and iodine mount preparation and further subjected to different culture techniques and conventional PCR.Stoll dilution eggs counts technique was used to identify the intensity of the hookworm positive samples Results: Stool samples with intestinal parasites detected in this study were 70/300;out of which 20 samples was hookworm positive by microscopy. Sixteen out of 20 were identified as Necator americanus and 2 samples each were identified as Anylostoma duodenale and Strongyloides stercoralis. There were no mixed infections in this study. Stoll’s dilution egg count showed moderate infection in 66.6%, light and heavy infection in 16.7%. Diarrhea accompanied with dehydration, weakness, fever, bloating was the most common complained associated (6.6%) among the hookworm positive children. Interpretation & Conclusion: The highest infection was seen in 6-10 years and more common in males (p=0.7648).Species identification of hookworm targeting COX I gene is rapid and sensitive for accurate identification for the hookworm species in the limited resource setting area like Sikkim.
Keywords	Children,Cytochrome oxidase subunit Igene, Gastrointestinal infection, Hookworm
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-18
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63499

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First Report on Accurate Diagnostic of Hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis Based on Different Diagnostic Approaches in Patients with Gastro-intestinal Disorders in Northeastern Himalayan State of India.

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