International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Thermodynamic Principles In Plant Physiology Under Climate Change And Environmental Stress: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s) Dr. Cherkupally Rama Raju, Dr. R Yadagiri, Dr. Mathe Anil Kumar, Mr. Gurram Linga Reddy
Country India
Abstract Plants function as open thermodynamic systems, continuously exchanging energy and matter with their environment. Rapid climatic changes—including increased temperature, altered precipitation regimes, and expanding drought and salinity—intensify the thermodynamic pressures shaping plant physiology. This review expands on the mechanistic links between free energy, chemical potential, entropy production, and water potential, and their influence on plant survival under stress. It integrates recent findings on water relations, aquaporin-mediated hydraulic conductance, thermodynamic limitations on photosynthesis and respiration, combined stress interactions, and emerging unified models of water–carbon coordination. This paper illustrating water potential gradients, energy flow, and thermodynamic trade-offs. Major themes include how stress alters biochemical feasibility (ΔG), increases metabolic entropy, destabilizes membranes, and shifts plants toward high-cost maintenance modes. The review concludes with implications for climate-resilient agriculture and challenges in applying classical thermodynamics within heterogeneous plant systems.
Keywords water potential, free energy, entropy, climate change, stress, hydraulics.
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-17
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63588
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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