International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Income Inequality among Males in Rural Uttar Pradesh: The Role of Caste and Religion in Mirzapur

Author(s) Prof. Dr. Ravi Kant Maurya, Mr. Sanjay Kumar Pal, Prof. Dr. Raman Pant, Prof. Dr. Anil Kumar, Ms. Ridhima Soni, Prof. Dr. Pradip Kumar
Country India
Abstract Introduction: In India, minority social positions based on caste and religious group affiliations are typically viewed as a separate aspect of inequality. Income inequality is a persistent issue in rural India, where socio-economic disparities are deeply influenced by caste and religion. This study examines income inequality among migrant men in Mirzapur district, Uttar Pradesh, focusing on caste and religious inequalities.

Data and Methods: The study assesses income distribution across social groups using primary survey data from 300 respondents (2023–24) and the Gini ratio.

Results: Findings reveal that most migrants are Hindu (91.7%), with 62% belonging to the Other Backward Classes (OBC). Income inequality is stark, with General caste migrants having the highest income concentration (Net Gini = 0.8142), while Scheduled Tribes (ST) migrants have the lowest (Net Gini = 0.2616). Muslim migrants exhibit a higher income concentration than Hindus, likely due to trade and self-employment. Migration patterns indicate that lower-income groups migrate for labour-intensive work while higher-income groups seek skilled jobs.

Conclusion: Despite some decline in caste-based disparities, the study underscores the persistent influence of caste and religion on economic mobility. These findings contribute to discussions on reducing income inequality and promoting inclusive growth in rural India. Further research is needed to explore long-term economic mobility among migrant communities.
Keywords Income inequality, Caste, Religion, India, Rural
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.63702
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