Beyond the Operating Room: Simulation-Driven Learning in Anaesthesia and Critical Care

Iman Manzoor; Abhishek Gupta; Lakshita Deshwal; Ayushi Bisht; Anjali Pandey

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64492

Beyond the Operating Room: Simulation-Driven Learning in Anaesthesia and Critical Care

Author(s)	Ms. Iman Manzoor, Dr. Abhishek Gupta, Ms. Lakshita Deshwal, Ms. Ayushi Bisht, Ms. Anjali Pandey
Country	India
Abstract	Background Anaesthesia and critical care operate in high-risk, time-sensitive environments where clinical errors can have catastrophic consequences. Traditional apprenticeship-based training is increasingly constrained by ethical, legal, and patient safety considerations. Simulation-based education has emerged as a solution, enabling experiential learning without patient harm while supporting competency-based training and assessment. Methodology This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on simulation-based learning in anaesthesia and intensive care. It examines the historical evolution of simulation, its classification (low- to high-fidelity, deterministic vs stochastic, static vs dynamic), and major simulation modalities, including part-task trainers, standardized patients, virtual reality platforms, and high-fidelity physiological mannequins. Educational applications, assessment roles, and key instructional elements such as debriefing and fidelity are critically analysed. Results Evidence consistently demonstrates that simulation-based training improves technical performance, crisis management, communication, and adherence to safety protocols, particularly for rare but life-threatening events such as airway emergencies, cardiac arrest, and malignant hyperthermia. Structured debriefing emerges as a stronger determinant of learning outcomes than simulator fidelity alone. However, high implementation costs, faculty training requirements, and imperfect replication of real-world clinical complexity remain significant limitations. Conclusion Simulation is an indispensable component of modern anaesthesia and critical care education, enhancing patient safety, team performance, and clinical competence. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence–driven adaptive simulation and tele-simulation offer promising avenues to improve accessibility, personalization, and scalability of training. Strategic integration of simulation with real-world clinical exposure is essential to maximize educational and patient care impact.
Keywords	Simulation-based education, Anaesthesia training, Critical care, Patient safety, Crisis resource management, Medical simulation
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-24
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64492

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Beyond the Operating Room: Simulation-Driven Learning in Anaesthesia and Critical Care

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