International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Decentralizing Justice: Assessing the Role of Gram Nyayalayas in Addressing Judicial Delays in Rural India

Author(s) Dr. Lalit Kumar Roy, Mr. Brajendra Nath Mandal
Country India
Abstract Access to timely, effective and affordable justice remains a persistent challenge in rural India due to the concentration of courts in urban areas, procedural rigidity, and an overwhelming pendency of cases. To address these issues, the Gram Nyayalaya Act, 2008, was enacted with the objective of decentralizing justice delivery and ensuring speedy and inexpensive justice at the doorstep of needy people. This paper critically examines the role of Gram Nyayalayas as a decentralized judicial system aimed at reducing judicial delays and enhancing access to justice for rural and disadvantaged people. It analyses the constitutional mandate under Articles 14, 21, and 39A of the Constitution of India, the legislative framework of the Act and the practical functioning of Gram Nyayalayas across various states. The study highlights significant challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, shortage of judicial officials, limited jurisdiction, lack of political will, resistance from the legal fraternity and uneven implementation. While Gram Nyayalayas possess the potential to decongest subordinate courts and bring justice closer to rural litigants, their impact on reducing judicial delays has remained limited due to systematic and operational deficiencies. This paper concludes with suggestions to strengthen implementation and realise the true objective of decentralized justice delivery system.
Keywords Gram Nyayalayas, Access to Justice, Judicial Delay, Rural India
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-26
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64514
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