NVDA: the open-source screen reader to access resources for the visually impaired

Samayita Dutta

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64850

NVDA: the open-source screen reader to access resources for the visually impaired

Author(s)	Ms. Samayita Dutta
Country	India
Abstract	This paper explores the architectural foundations and practical implications of screen readers, focusing particularly on NVDA (Non-Visual Desktop Access), in enhancing accessibility to digital resources for visually impaired users. Core architectural components such as APIs, ARIA, Alt Text, and keyboard navigation form the backbone of screen reader technology. APIs, built on SOAP and REST frameworks, facilitate interoperability across systems, enabling seamless data exchange and integration. ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications), part of the WAI initiative, provides semantic structure for dynamic web content, enhancing accessibility where native HTML elements fall short. Alt Text supports non-text content accessibility by providing descriptive alternatives, while keyboard navigation is essential for content interaction and control without a mouse. The NVDA screen reader, an open-source, Windows-compatible tool, demonstrates advanced capabilities including multi-language support, Braille display integration, and customizable settings, making it a vital tool for inclusive education and information access. NVDA's functionality spans document navigation, form interaction, web browsing, and system-level access, with extensive keyboard shortcuts for efficient operation. Additionally, other screen readers like Apple's Voice Over, Linux-based ORCA and BRLTTY, and browser-based Web Anywhere offer alternative solutions, each with unique features and varying levels of affordability. The role of APIs in enabling this ecosystem is emphasized, as they support the sharing and interaction between software, systems, and services including mobile apps, cloud platforms, and IoT devices. Screen readers are not only assistive technologies but also integral tools in democratizing access to digital content.
Keywords	web accessibility, screen reader, API, ARIA, ALT TEXT, key board navigation, NVDA
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-28
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64850

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NVDA: the open-source screen reader to access resources for the visually impaired

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