Prevalence of TORCH Infections and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among High‑Risk Pregnant Women in Jharkhand, India

Richa Panda; Anita Sundi; Pretty Mohan Kumar; Soumalya Ghosh

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64967

Prevalence of TORCH Infections and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among High‑Risk Pregnant Women in Jharkhand, India

Author(s)	Dr. Richa Panda, Dr. Anita Sundi, Prof. Dr. Pretty Mohan Kumar, Dr. Soumalya Ghosh
Country	India
Abstract	Background: TORCH infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Herpes simplex virus [HSV]) can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal morbidity. Data from eastern India, particularly Jharkhand, are limited. Objectives: To estimate the seroprevalence of TORCH antibodies (IgM and IgG) among women with bad obstetric history (BOH) and compare with healthy pregnant controls, and to evaluate associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study including 32 BOH cases and 60 healthy pregnant controls (total n=92). Serum IgM and IgG against T. gondii, rubella, CMV and HSV were measured by ELISA. Demographic and obstetric data were recorded. Group comparisons used chi-square/Fisher's exact tests; odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Overall IgM seropositivity to any TORCH agent was higher in BOH cases than controls (41.7% vs 10.0%; p<0.001). Toxoplasma IgM was the commonest acute infection among BOH cases, followed by rubella and CMV. Rubella and CMV IgG seroprevalence indicated substantial prior exposure/immunity, while a sizeable minority remained susceptible to rubella. Toxoplasma IgM was most strongly associated with spontaneous abortion, whereas rubella and CMV IgM were relatively more frequent in congenital anomaly and fetal‑loss categories. Conclusions: TORCH infections are an essential contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes among high‑risk pregnant women in Jharkhand. Targeted antenatal testing for BOH patients, strengthening rubella immunization, and behavioural counselling to reduce toxoplasma/CMV exposure are recommended.
Keywords	TORCH infections; Toxoplasma gondii; Rubella; Cytomegalovirus; Bad obstetric history; Pregnancy; Jharkhand
Field	Biology > Medical / Physiology
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-28
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64967

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Prevalence of TORCH Infections and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among High‑Risk Pregnant Women in Jharkhand, India

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