International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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The Effects of the Code on Social Security, 2020, on the Welfare and Working Conditions of Gig and Platform Workers in the Indian Informal Economy

Author(s) Mr. Chitranshu Bhaskar, Ms. Nisha Kumari Agarwal, Ms. Arpita Bhaskar
Country India
Abstract The gig and platform economy's explosive growth in India has revolutionised employment in the unorganised sector by generating new types of labour that function outside of conventional employer-employee relationships. Ride-hailing drivers, delivery drivers, and on-demand service providers are examples of gig and platform workers who deal with ongoing issues like unstable income, long hours, algorithmic surveillance, and restricted access to social security. The Code on Social Security, 2020 (CSS) is a historic piece of legislation designed to provide these previously excluded workers with welfare protection. It allows governments to create welfare programs that include health insurance, maternity benefits, accident compensation, and old-age security. It is the first national law to formally recognise gig and platform workers. However, there has been uneven implementation, and many provisions are still primarily enabling. Even though programs like the e-Shram portal have increased worker visibility, there are still few real-world advantages. Empirical data shows that fundamental problems like contractual insecurity, inadequate grievance procedures, and wage precarity still exist. For significant welfare improvements, enforcement must be strengthened, platform obligations must be clarified, and complementary labour regulations must be introduced.
Keywords Gig workers, Platform workers, Indian informal economy, Unorganised sector, Social security law, Labour welfare, Worker protection
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.65135
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