International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Association between Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration at Delivery and Birth Weight in Term Pregnancies in a Rural Population

Author(s) Dr. Yahya M. Amreliwala, Dr. Sanskruti S. Ikhar, Dr Subhashree Chatterjee
Country India
Abstract Background
Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a critical determinant of both maternal and neonatal health. Anemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent in rural India due to nutritional deficiencies, inadequate antenatal care, and socioeconomic challenges. Low maternal Hb has been strongly linked to low birth weight (LBW), a major predictor of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and long-term developmental impairment. This study evaluates the correlation between maternal Hb measured at delivery and neonatal birth weight in a rural Indian population.

Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at a rural tertiary care teaching hospital from May to October 2025. A total of 216 term pregnant women (37–42 weeks gestation) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Maternal Hb at delivery and neonatal birth weight were obtained from hospital labor room and neonatal records. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the linear association between maternal Hb and birth weight. Subgroup analysis was conducted across predefined anemia categories (severe, moderate, mild, and normal). Additional exploratory observations included the distribution of anemia and its relation to mode of delivery, parity, and NICU admission.

Results
The mean maternal Hb concentration was 10.47 ± 1.66 g/dL, indicating a high prevalence of anemia in the study population. The mean neonatal birth weight was 2180.19 ± 458.10 g, with a substantial proportion falling into the low birth weight range. A strong and statistically significant positive correlation was observed between maternal Hb and neonatal birth weight (r = 0.860, p < 0.001). Birth weight increased progressively across anemia categories, with the lowest birth weights observed among mothers with severe anemia (<7 g/dL) and the highest birth weights in mothers with normal Hb levels (≥11 g/dL).

Conclusion
Maternal hemoglobin concentration at delivery shows a robust positive association with neonatal birth weight in this rural population. The findings underscore the clinical importance of early identification and correction of maternal anemia during pregnancy. Strengthening antenatal nutritional programs and improving iron and folic acid supplementation adherence may significantly reduce the burden of low birth weight and improve neonatal outcomes in resource-limited settings.
Keywords Anemia, birth weight, neonatal outcomes and term pregnancy
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.65173
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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